Oracle Solaris Operating System Interview Questions
Oracle Solaris is a proprietary Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems earlier SunOS in 1993. In 2010, after the Sun acquisition by Oracle, it was renamed Oracle Solaris. Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider. Solaris supports SPARC and x86-64 workstations and servers from Oracle and other vendors.
Some of the few Oracle Solaris Operating System Interview Questions are below
What Is An Alternative To The “top” Command On Solaris in interview questions?
Ans:
# prstat –a
Is It Possible To Create Swap In New Hard Disk Without Format?
Ans:
“ No “ without label the drive, you can’t do anything
Is It Possible To Edit The Crontab Using Vi, It Is Not Recommended But It Is Possible By Editing?
Ans:
# vi /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
The command to edit the crontab is #crontab -e
What Is Mean By Paging & Server Average Time in Oracle sun server?
Ans:
If a disk shows consistently high reads/writes along with , the percentage busy (%b) of the disks is greater than 5 percent, and the average service time (svc_t) is greater than 30 milliseconds, then one of the following action needs to be taken
Cannot Open ‘/etc/path_to_inst’” ?
Ans:
System can not find the /etc/path_to_install file. It might be missing or corrupted and needs to be rebuild.
To rebuild this file boot the system with -ar option :
ok>boot -ar
Press enter to select default values for the questions asked during booting and select yes to rebuild /etc/path_to_install
The /etc/path_to_inst on your system does not exist or is empty. Do you want to rebuild this file [n]? y
system will continue booting after rebuilding the file.
How Will You Comment Error Line In /etc/system File ?
Ans:
# Vi /etc/system
(To comment the error line in /etc/system files, we have to use *)
What Is Difference Between Incremental Backup And Differential Backup?
Ans:
Incremental: Only those files will be included which have been changed since the last backup.
Differential: Only those files will be included which have been changed since the last Full backup.
How Many Ufsdump Level?
Ans:
0-9 level
0 = Full Backup
1-9 = Incremental backup of file, That have changed since the last lower level backup.
What Is Different Between Crontab And At Command?
Ans:
Crontab: job can be scheduled
At: Job can be a run once only
Difference Between Ufs And Tar Command?
Ans:
ufsdump:
Used for complete file system backup.
It copies every thing from regular files in a file system to special character and block device files.
It can work on mounted or unmounted file systems.
Tar:
Used for single or multiple files backup.
Can’t backup special character & block device files.
Works only on mounted file system.
Syntex To Execute A Ufsdump ?
Ans:
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/1
To Check The Status Of The Media Inserted On The Tape Drive from Oracle Operating System?
Ans:
# mt /dev/rmt/0 status
How Will You Take Ufsdump And Ufsrestore In A Sing Command Line?
What Is The Physical Device To Check The 2 Nodes Connect In Cluster by oracle system administrator?
Ans:
Physical fiber cable which is connect to the 2 nodes is called a HTEARTBEAT
Where Will Be The Configuration For Metadevice?
Ans:
#/etc/lvm/md.tab
or
#/etc/opt/SUNWmg/md.tab
Explain Raid0, Raid1, Raid3 in Oracle Solaris Operating System interview questions?
Ans:
RAID 0 Concatenation/Striping
RAID 1 Mirroring
RAID 5-Striped array with rotating parity.
Concatenation: Concatenation is joining of two or more disk slices to add up the disk space. Concatenation is serial in nature i.e. sequential data operations are performed serially on first disk then second disk and so on. Due to serial nature new slices can be added up without having to take the backup of entire concatenated volume, adding slice and restoring backup.
Striping: Spreading of data over multiple disk drives mainly to enhance the performance by distributing data in alternating chunks – 16 k interleave across the stripes. Sequential data operations are performed in parallel on all the stripes by reading/writing 16k data blocks alternatively form the disk stripes.
Mirroring: Mirroring provides data redundancy by simultaneously writing data on to two sub mirrors of a mirrored device. A submirror can be a stripe or concatenated volume and a mirror can have three mirrors. Main concern here is that a mirror needs as much as the volume to be mirrored.
RAID 5: RAID 5 provides data redundancy and advantage of striping and uses less space than mirroring. A RAID 5 is made up of at least three disks, which are striped with parity information written alternately on all the disks. In case of a single disk failure the data can be rebuild using the parity information from the remaining disks.
What Are The Daemons In Nis Server?
Ans:
rpc.yppasswdd
Ypxfrd
rpc.ypupdated
What Are Processing Daemon In Nis?
Ans:
Ypserv
Ypbind
How To Boot The Oracle Sun server from Solaris System In 64 0r 32 Bit Kernel?
Ans:
For 64 bit:
# eeprom boot-file=”/kernel/sparc9/unix
or
OK printenv boot-file
OK settenv boot-file kernel/sparc9/unix
For 32 bit:
# eeprom boot-file=”/kernel/unix
or
OK printenv boot-file
OK settenv boot-file kernel/unix
Which Command To Lock The User Account?
Ans:
# lk username
About US
Navigator System offers end-to-end data center maintenance services that allow you to extend the life of your IT assets.
MANAGED IT SERVICES are
24×7 Field Services & Technical Support
Multi-Vendor Maintenance Programs
Cloud & Network Migration Services
Monitoring & Infrastructure Management
Consulting & Project Management Services
Network Security
Network Lifecycle Management
Asset Recovery Programs
Spares Management & Repairs for AMC contracts
Materials Management & Reverse Logistics for AMC contracts
For details on the Dell EMC PowerEdge R650 Server administration and Server Solutions, one time installation support, RAID configuration, please to send us your details and brief requirements. We can then quote you accordingly.
TO REQUEST A QUOTE, CALL OUR SALES TEAM: 9986288377 Email: sales@navigatorsystem.com
Equivalent model Dell PowerEdge R750, is a dual-socket/2U rack server that delivers outstanding performance for the most demanding workloads. Dell EMC PowerEdge R750 2U Rack Server T-shaped motherboard allows the PSUs to be placed on each side of the chassis to improve air flow through the chassis.
Maximise Application Performance And Density
The dual-socket/1U PowerEdge R650 is the ideal rack server to address performance, high scalability, and density.
The new 3rd Gen Xeon Scalable processors are based on a balanced, efficient architecture that increases core performance, memory, and I/O bandwidth to accelerate diverse workloads from the data center to the edge. Available with up to 40 powerful cores.
Supports 8 channels per CPU, up to 32 DDR4 DIMMs at 3200 MT/s DIMM speed
Address substantial throughput improvements with PCIe Gen 4 and up to 10 NVMe drives
Ideal for traditional corporate IT, database and analytics, VDI, and AI/ML and Inferencing
Optional Direct Liquid Cooling support to address high wattage processors
Maximise storage performance with up to 10 NVMe drives or 10 2.5″ SAS or SATA drives.
Scale compute resources with Intel Xeon Scalable that offer up to 1.50x performance gains over previous generation Cascade Lake. Ice Lake CPUs scale up to 40cores per CPU.
Automate Maintenance With Dell EMC OpenManage
The Dell EMC OpenManage portfolio helps deliver peak efficiency for PowerEdge servers, delivering intelligent, automated management of routine tasks. Combined with unique agent-free management capabilities, the R650 is simply managed, freeing up time for high profile projects.
Simplify management with New OpenManage Enterprise console, with customised reporting and automatic discovery.
Take advantage of QuickSync 2 capabilities and gain access to your servers easily through your phone or tablet.
Guard Your Data Center With Built In Security
Every PowerEdge server is designed as part of a cyber resilient architecture, integrating security into the full server life cycle. The R650 leverages new security features built-into every new PowerEdge server strengthening protection so you can reliably and securely deliver accurate data to your customers no matter where they are. By considering each aspect of system security, from design to retirement, Dell EMC ensures trust and delivers a worry-free, secure infrastructure without compromise.
Intelligent Automation
PowerEdge and OpenManage solutions integrate tools across the portfolio to help organizations automate the server lifecycle, optimize operations, and scale efficiently.
Built-In Security
Dell EMC PowerEdge servers are made with a cyber resilient architecture that builds in security at every phase of the product lifecycle, from the silicon root of trust and secured component verification, to signed firmware and drift detection, to BIOS recovery.
We Listen, Advise & Supply
Navigator Team develop a long term understanding of our clients IT infrastructure, goals and strategies. Navigator System work on a simple methodology…
Listen – Our highly skilled pre sales team work with you to understand what you want.
Advise – Given our in depth, multi-platform knowledge we look to suggest the right solution to maximise ROI whilst minimising TCO.
Supply – Navigators has the proven capability to supply products and solutions on a global basis.
Navigator System Annual Maintenance Contract for critical systems for premium hardware and software support for your
PowerEdge solution. Consulting and deployment offerings are also available with us
T-shaped motherboard allows the PSUs to be placed on each side of the chassis to improve air flow through the chassis. Dell EMC PowerEdge R650 1U Rack Server Motherboard has extra exhaust lanes to help cool the CPUs
Multi-vector cooling:
Create streamlined pathways so air can be directed as on when needed most using automation or user-defined profiles. A bank of six hot-plug cooling fans are arranged in front of the motherboard.
Maximum 8TB DDR4 RDIMM can be achieved with a full house of 256GB LRDIMMs
Sixteen of Intel’s latest Optane 200 persistent memory modules.
Storage:
The high-level drive configuration options are as follows:
12x 3.5″ SAS/SATA HDD
24x 2.5″ SAS/SATA HDD, SSD, or NVMe with universal slots
16x 2.5″ SAS/SATA HDD or SSD + 8x 2.5″ NVMe
Up to 4x rear 2.5″ SAS/SATA HDD or SSD or NVMe (when SAS or SATA in front)
SAS3 SFF HDDs achieved totally 8 * 2.4TB with
12-bay LFF hot-swap backplane for SAS3/SATA devices
16-bay SAS/SATA SFF backplane
NVMe SSDs
Extra 8-bay backplane, General
24-bay backplane if full house of NVMe SSDs but this doesn’t support SAS/SATA devices
PCI-E riser can be added with additional cost 2-bay or 4-bay enclosure at the back and choose from SAS/SATA or NVMe SSD versions.
RAID
New PERC11 controllers on storage backplane.
Standard PERC H755 front SAS model
PERC H755N model brings hardware RAID to NVMe devices as this PCI-E 4 adapter has the bandwidth
BOSS (boot optimized storage solution) card
New S2 version presents its two M.2 slots at the rear where SATA SSDs are fitted in removable hot-swap carriers.
PCI Expansion:
Four Nos dual-slot PCI-E 4 risers include a Snap I/O version that currently supports Infiniband adapters and allows them to have a x8 connection to each CPU for reduced latency.
Central riser is an OCP 3.0 mezzanine edge slot to use open-standard network cards
iDRAC9 controller:
Remote management features in web console presents information on server operations and hardware health, with the Datacenter license adding advanced services such as streaming telemetry for predictive analytics.
Power Manager plug-in:
To test the Power Manager plug-in added it to monitored device group and the OME home page to view historical graphs of group power consumption ranging from 6 hours to a year, check on thermals and see which systems were using the most power.
Important Asset to data centers as it supports up to 8,000 systems and can enforce per-rack power cap and thermal event-based policies to automatically throttle servers back when they’re in trouble.
If the situation becomes critical, the EPR (emergency power reduction) feature can push out an instant mass policy to selected groups forcing all members to drop to a low power mode or be gracefully shut down.
OpenManage Enterprise (OME)
To run OpenManage Enterprise (OME) as a Hyper-V VM allowing us to monitor and configure all our PowerEdge servers from one web console.
Navigator Systems is here to provide you with more information, answer any questions, you may have and create an effective solution for your IT Infrastructure needs.
New third-generation Xeon Scalable processor called Ice Lake
Processor:
The 10 nanometer-based CPU is delivering up to 40 cores per processor.
The processors also add Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions) for built-in security, as well as Intel Crypto Acceleration. It includes Intel’s DL Boost for AI acceleration.
AI acceleration:
Intel says that with hardware and software optimizations, Ice Lake delivers 74 percent faster AI performance compared with the prior generation. Compared to the third-generation AMD Epyc 7763, Intel says the platform delivers up to 1.5 times higher performance across a broad mix of 20 popular AI workloads. Compared to the Nvidia A100 GPU, it says it delivers up to 1.3 times higher performance on a broad mix of 20 popular AI workloads.
Built-in security:
Intel SGX, and security has the technology can protect as much as 1 terabyte of code and data in private memory areas called enclaves.
Ice Lake chips also feature cryptographic acceleration that promises to let the chip deliver both security and performance.
Intel Ice Lake vs. Intel Cascade Lake
Some of the key differences between Intel’s new 3rd gen Xeon CPUs with Intel’s 2nd gen Xeon Scalable processors. The below table highlights the processor architecture, cache latencies, memory controller, memory latency, and capacity.
The platform supports up to six terabytes of system memory per socket, up to eight channels of DDR4-3200 memory per socket, and up to 64 lanes of PCIe Gen4 per socket.
Ice Lake delivers an average 46 percent performance increase on popular data center workloads
Network:
Intel produces network-optimized “N-SKUs” to support diverse network environments. The new processors deliver on average up to 62 percent more performance on a range of broadly-deployed network and 5G workloads over the prior generation, Intel says. More than 15 major telecom equipment manufacturers and communications service providers are readying POCs and networking deployments with Ice Lake.
Workload:
Ice Lake delivers up to 1.56 times more AI inference performance for image classification than the prior generations, Intel says. This makes it suitable for AI, complex image or video analytics, and consolidated workloads at the edge.
Intel Optane SSD Storage:
Intel increased the capacity of the drive which started at 375GB, tops at 1.5TB. Optane SSDs perfect companion for slower media. we primarily designed for endurance and frequently used in a two-tier architecture. Optane SSDs are often set up to absorb all of the writes in a system, protecting larger, slower media behind it. These can be QLC SSDs for instance, that perform well for read-heavy workloads, but don’t have much endurance or write performance.
vSAN, Azure HCI, StorONE, and many others are well adept at making multi-tier work well.
PMem: Intel Optane Persistent Memory
A way to bridge the gap between volatile DRAM and high-performance SSDs. PMem 200 is quoted to deliver 32% more memory bandwidth than Gen1. New modules are optimized for the new 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processors, making the combination, with Intel SSDs.
In the memory bandwidth throughput, with PMem 200 picking up 3,200 MT/s support.
Core count starts at 16 cores and goes up to 40. With the first PMem, users could add 3TB of PMem for a total memory per socket of 4.5TB, now the total is 6TB per socket, with 4TB of PMem 200 being added. The maximum thermal design power dropped from 18W to 15W. And the newest persistent memory comes with eADR, extended Asynchronous DRAM Refresh.
The MemVerge Memory Machine management interface can help administrators through a number of use cases:
Crash recovery:
The snapshot GUI is used to quickly bring back the database and/or troubleshoot the cause. The database log and Memory Machine Dashboard data determine the time of the crash, allowing the admin to select and restore a snapshot that is closest to the crash time. Developers can then use that restored instance for debugging.
Accelerating Animation & VFX with Memory DVR:
Animation:
Artists want to explore different options on a base Maya scene. They load the base scene, apply the changes, and save it as a different project. They can save many separate scenes, but to show these options they must be repetitively reloaded, which takes a long time.
With Memory DVR functionality, load a base scene once, take a snapshot as the basic snapshot, then apply changes and take another snapshot. To apply a different effect, simply restore the snapshot, edit, and take another snapshot. The restore speed of in-memory snapshots is a few seconds compared to minutes for reloading scenes from storage.
Accelerating Genomic Analytics with Memory DVR:
Scientists want to experiment with a machine learning algorithm using different parameter settings. They load the data, set the parameter, run the algorithm, and check out the results. if the results are not good, the data is reloaded, a different set of parameters is applied, and the algorithm is run again.
With Memory DVR functionality, load the data once and take a snapshot. From that point on, if the results are not good, restore the base data and another run with new parameters is done in seconds.
Intel Agilex FPGAs that leverage PCIe Gen4.
Intel Agilex FPGA family leverages heterogeneous 3D system-in-package (SiP) technology to integrate Intel’s first FPGA fabric built on 10nm process technology and 2nd Gen Intel Hyperflex FPGA Architecture to deliver up to 40% higher performance1 or up to 40% lower power1 for applications in Data Center, Networking, and Edge compute.
Workloads:
VDI, databases, AI and machine learning, Cloud, big data, HPC and Analytics.
About us
Navigator System offers end-to-end data center maintenance services that allow you to extend the life of your IT assets.
MANAGED IT SERVICES are
24×7 Field Services & Technical Support
Multi-Vendor Maintenance Programs (NetGuard)
Cloud & Network Migration Services
Monitoring & Infrastructure Management
Consulting & Project Management Services
Network Security
Network Lifecycle Management
Asset Recovery Programs
Spares Management & Repairs for AMC contracts
Materials Management & Reverse Logistics for AMC contracts
Microsoft Server 2022 to help organizations accelerate application modernization. Some of the new features are
Advanced multilayer Security
Hybrid Cloud Integration with Azure
Containerized Applications
Secured-core
Secured Core brings advanced hardware security to Server and Edge which brings an all-encompassing secured server by requiring hardware and software vendors to follow security best-practices of the OS.
Azure Automanage
Support for on-prem Windows Server in Azure Automanage. Means you can now do rebootless patching of managed machines with Azure Automanage and Windows Server
Windows Admin Center Version 2103
Windows Admin Center is the new way to manage Windows Server. The old RSAT tools still available
Windows Admin Center 2103 functionality includes:
Public Preview of Windows Admin Center running in Microsoft Azure
Automatic Updates for WAC and its Extensions
Support for Outbound Proxies
Windows Event Viewer Overhaul
SERVER Core Container
Windows Server Core container images are 40% smaller and startup times to Windows PowerShell are 30-45% faster.
Windows Server Core container images are used for
scaling apps,
continuous integration and
continuous delivery (CI/CD),
situations where images are pulled without using a Docker image cache or where faster startup times are required.
Container Images
To reduce Server Core container image sizes by including a smaller set of NGEN images by decreasing image size and maintaining startup performance
NGEN images are a series of precompiled .NET native images that are generated using a tool called Ngen.exe to improve startup performance. NGEN was the culprit for increased image size.
To achieve its goals for the Windows Server Core base image layer, Microsoft made the following changes:
Included a serviced copy of .NET Framework 4.8.
Removed all NGEN images, except for mscorlib.dll, System.dll and System.Core.dll (32-bit and 64-bit).
In the .NET Framework runtime image layer, the changes are as follows:
Included NGEN assemblies used by Windows PowerShell and ASP.NET only.
Included only NGEN 64-bit assemblies.
Better application compatibility
Windows Server 2019: Brought the optional Server Core ‘App Compatibility’ Feature on Demand. It lets applications run in Server Core that would normally require the desktop experience to be installed.
Windows Server 2022: Allow organizations to run globally scalable apps with virtualized time zones, and even run apps that depend on Active Directory (AD) without joining the container hosts to the domain.
Group Managed Service Accounts for Active Directory support
Containers can’t be joined to AD, but they can still use AD domain accounts to support authentication. A Windows container can run with a group Managed Service Account (gMSA). gMSAs let multiple computers share an identity without needing to know its password.
When a container is configured to run using a gMSA, the container host gets the gMSA password from Active Directory and passes it to the container. The container then uses the gMSA credential when its computer account (SYSTEM) needs to access network resources.
Virtualized time zones
An update in Microsoft Server 2022 will allow you to set the time zone in container instances using the tzutil command line tool, by setting the virtual registry key, or by specifying the time zone using a Docker/AKS (Azure Kubernetes Service) argument.
Windows Admin Center container tool
The Windows Admin Center (WAC) container extension is now a fully paid-up member of the team and it is available as an out-of-the-box tool. The container tool lets you get Windows and Linux containers up and running quickly. Also another option to migrate legacy Windows Server ASP.NET, WebDeploy, .NET, and MSI applications to the Azure container registry, allowing you deploy apps in Azure and Azure Stack HCI.
Container tool in Windows Admin Center (WAC)
The container tool in WAC lets administrators containerize existing applications by answering a few simple questions. The tool then generates the necessary Docker file with instructions on how to create the container image. Once the Docker file has been generated, you can either run the image locally or push it to an external container registry.
Deploy consistent network policy with Calico across hybrid Kubernetes clusters
Calico is an open-source container networking solution created by Tigera. Kubernetes doesn’t manage network connectivity between containers. Container Networking Interface (CNI) plugins, like Calico, enable full network connectivity between cluster nodes. But full network connectivity between nodes can introduce security risks. Tools like Calico use the Kubernates NetworkPolicy API to apply consistent network policy.
A problem with Windows worker node support in Kubernetes is that Calico, one of the most popular network policy tools, doesn’t support Windows. That is until now. With the release of Calico version 3.16, Windows containers can be deployed and secured in Azure, other cloud providers, and on-premises using the network components in Windows Server and Calico network policy. Furthermore, you can take the containers you deployed in AKS and deploy them in Azure Stack HCI. They will just work, be fully compliant, and can be managed from the cloud using Azure Arc.
If you’re interested in trying the new version of Windows Admin Center, you can call us.
